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Hydrometallurgical treatment via heap or in-situ leaching are cost-effective alternatives to conventional pyrometallurgical treatment for Cu-recovery from low-grade ores, but are hampered by slow kinetics and low recovery. This study examined the impact of pH pre-treatment (0 followed by 2, or vice-versa) and NaCl on ferric-activated (5 g/L Fe3+) sulfuric acid leaching of low-grade chalcopyrite ores from the Cadia porphyry copper deposit. The overall reactivity during 20 days of leaching was calcite > clinochlore > muscovite > K-feldspar > quartz, depending on lixiviant pH and the cm-scale abundance, texture, grain size, reactivity, and spatial location of gangue minerals in the ore fragments. Addition of NaCl at seawater concentrations had neglectable effect on the pH-driven early dissolution of gangue minerals. Early porosity was induced by calcite dissolution, but quickly led to gypsum precipitation and pore clogging. Dissolution of calcite veins penetrating deep into the samples allowed the growth of reaction rims along dissolving veins and pores. Calcite dissolution was followed by clinochlore dissolution, forming lamellar siliceous residues. These siliceous residues locked and shielded chalcopyrite grains from lixiviant early in the leaching process; ion sorption on these residues can also retain Cu or other ions used as additives or catalysts. This study highlights that many processes that limit the efficiency and rate of Cu recovery are controlled by the nature, composition, abundance, and texture of gangue minerals, in addition to ore-mineral colocation. Detailed multi-scale characterisation, from cm- down to µm, is required to optimize Cu-recovery in complex low-grade ores.

This dataset provides tin isotope compositions (δ¹²²/¹¹⁸Sn) and concentrations for 26 arc lava samples from the Indonesian Sunda arc, measured using a double-spike method on MC-ICP-MS Neptune plus. The file also includes trace elemental concentration of reference materials BCR-2 and BHVO-1 measured by iCAP Q, major and trace element, and Sr and Pb isotope composition (from literature) of the Sunda arc samples, previous Sn isotope data of volcanic rocks from literature, previous studies on fluid-dominated arcs (Tonga, Izu and Mariana) and sediment-dominated one (Lesser Antilles) sourced from the Georoc database. This dataset supports the GCA manuscript "X Wang et al., 2025, Tin isotope systematics in subduction zones." and underpins interpretations regarding the role of mélange diapirs, deep fluids, and sediment melts in subduction-related magmatism.

(Partial) dissolution of reactive aluminosilicate gangue minerals increase the complexity of chalcopyrite leaching by forming an amorphous, porous silica residue that interacts with the leaching solution to form local non-equilibirum microenvironments. Reactive phyllosilicates chamosite and kaolinite minerals berthierine and greenalite sample mineralogy and bulk chemistry is determined by XRD, XRF, Moessbauer Spectroscopy and OES. After leaching, the leaching solution chemistry was analysed via OES and UV-VIS. The leaching residue textures, chemistry and cpy S-oxidation state was analysed using SEM, FIB, uXRF and uXANES. Heterogeneous element distribution in the porous textures and leaching solution, as well as chalcopyrite and pyrite textures reveal incongruent dissolution of reactive gangue minerals that form a porous amorphous silica residue that can entrap and penetrate Cu sulfides. The pores of the ASR form local microreactors with variable non equilibium conditions of the lixiviant, that lead to larger variety and more complex S oxidation states on chalcopyrite grains. Gangue mineral dissolution hence influences chalcopyrite leaching reactions and Cu recovery.

This dataset contains raw, analyzed, and related data collected for a systematic literature review (SLR) on Requirements Engineering for Older Adult Digital Health Software. The raw data includes the primary studies retrieved from various databases, while the analyzed data consists of extracted information, categorized findings, and statistical summaries relevant to the research questions. Additionally, related data such as metadata, quality assessment results, and supplementary materials are provided to enhance transparency and reproducibility. The readme and data dictionary can be found in the file: Data_dictionary

These data include plasma glucose, corticosterone, heat shock proteins Hsc70 and Hsp90, and additional measures taken from wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus) at three sites in Australia. The goal of this data collection was to test how these plasma measures varied across latitude, time, and temperature. Climate change will alter the frequency and intensity of environmental extremes, as well as diurnal rates of environmental change. The daily reaction norms of wild animals show spatial and temporal plasticity to allow appropriate physiological responses to predictable environmental challenges, but these responses have rarely been quantified in wild birds. To address this, we determined whether physiological stress indices (corticosterone [CORT], glucose [GLU], and circulating heat shock proteins) vary across a latitudinal gradient, with ambient temperature (Ta) or time of day. We sampled wild house sparrows, Passer domesticus, across three locations with varying daily rates of Ta increases in 2015 and in 2019-2020 to determine whether physiological responses to capture and handling stress change diurnally. Consistent with predictions, plasma CORT and GLU increased in response to capture and handling stress. Baseline levels of CORT and GLU did not change during the day, but the amplitude of plasma CORT increase (delta CORT) in response to capture decreased as Ta increased, as was the case for GLU, in birds with initially high baseline CORT. Neither baseline nor stress-related plasma CORT or GLU differed consistently across sampling locations. Both heat-shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) and heat-shock protein 90α (Hsp90) showed clear temporal dynamics across the day. These results indicate temporal plasticity of reaction norms during the day (Hsp) and in response to daily Ta changes, as well as to acute stress (CORT and GLU), but they provide little evidence for such plasticity in reaction norms across our geographical range.

A compilation of existing cosmogenic nuclide data from the Dronning Maud Land sector of East Antarctica. A compilation of existing Antarctic springtail records from the Dronning Maud Land sector of East Antarctica categorised according to methods described in Cooper et al. (2025).

This document explains how we obtained the data we used in our paper in section 1. Section 2 presents the STATA codes for tables developed in our paper. We also provide a master file in a CSV format that can be used in STATA to run all analyses using the codes provided in section 2.

This survey was conducted in between 2023-2024 from Liangshan State, Sichuan, China. The aim of project was to test the cultural belief unique to Yi community in Liangshan, in referencing to the mainstream (Han majority) cultural norms.

Estimating the Average Purchase Price of Target Shareholders on the Eve of the Offer

Dataset used for correlation analysis and partial least squares regression to understand the influence of farm infrastructure density and stocking rate to stream nutrient concentration. Detailed description of each file is found in the summary_of_datasets.txt file.